Basalt is extrusive rock, rock forming minerals is similar with gabbro. It is genus of vitreous or cryptocrystalline texture, vesicular and amygdaloidal structure. Compressive strength with the structure of basalt vary greatly (100~500MPa), density is 2900~3500kg/m3.
Basalt has wear-resisting, less water, the poor conductivity, strong compression, low crushing value, strong corrosion resistance, and adhesiveness of asphalt. It is the best material in construction of highway, railway, and airport runway. Among them, the multi vesicular basalt, also known as pumice, has more pores and hard texture, it can be mixed in concrete and make the concrete weight, not only durable, and sound insulation, heat insulation and other characteristics, which is a good aggregate of lightweight concrete high-rise building.
Basalt is a common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon. By definition, basalt is an aphanitic igneous rock with less than 20% quartz and less than 10% feldspathoid by volume, and where at least 65% of the feldspar is in the form of plagioclase. (In comparison, granite has more than 20% quartz by volume.) Basalt is usually grey to black in colour, but rapidly weathers to brown or rust-red due to oxidation of its mafic (iron-rich) minerals into rust. It almost always has a fine-grained mineral texture due to the molten rock cooling too quickly for large mineral crystals to grow, although it can sometimes be porphyritic, containing the larger crystals formed prior to the extrusion that brought the lava to the surface, embedded in a finer-grained matrix. Basalt with a vesicular or frothy texture is called scoria, and forms when dissolved gases are forced out of solution and form vesicles as the lava decompresses as it reaches the surface.
Basalt is used in construction (e.g. as building blocks or in the groundwork), making cobblestones (from columnar basalt) and in making statues. Heating and extruding basalt yields stone wool, an excellent thermal insulator.
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